The symbols on the following pages are from the British Standards Institution and are used extensively in drawings relating to mechanical services.ĭraining valve (Abbreviated version used in this book) To identify individual services some of the following abbreviations may be used. In order to know if the pipe rises or drops the following abbreviations will be used: When pipes rise or drop to a different level they are shown Pipes below floor or underground _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The symbols for the location of pipes in a building are as follows:
When pipes and their relative components are shown on a drawing it is vitally important that the craftsperson can correctly identify their locations and positions. The works of the plumber is often referred to as the “Mechanical Services”. All the different trades have a set of symbols pertaining to their respective works. In order to read a drawing properly, and to understand what is happening, an agreed set of graphical symbols and abbreviations are used. Scale rules are usually manufactured from plastic and have several scales indicated on the ends as shown below. To take measurements from such a drawing a ‘Scale Rule’ is used. Here is a drawing of Block Plan originally drawn at 1:2500 but printed not to scale (NTS).Īs already stated, the scale of the drawing will be indicated in the block. This could be in the case of a bracket or support for a piece of equipment. Where particular detail is necessary the scale could be as high as 1:20 or 1:10.When details of boiler houses or plant rooms are given the scale may increase to 1:50.General Location Drawings 1:200 or 1:100 – These drawings can show pipe runs within the building and the location of radiators and sanitary fixtures.These details could relate to landscaping arrangements or show underground drainage pipe-work. Site Plans: Between 1:500 and 1:2500 – Although often drawn at the same scale as the block plan site plans only give details relevant to the actual project.Block Plans 1:2500 – These show the outlines of buildings and may also indicate roads, railway lines or rivers.
The list below shows the scales used in BS 1192: The majority of scaled work done in the construction industry is to reduce objects to a smaller more suitable size that will fit on a sheet of paper. Title Blocks are usually located along the bottom or sides of drawings as shown below:Ī scale can be used to increase the detail of a small object or to accurately represent a large object on a smaller piece of paper. Name of architects, consultant engineers or surveyors.The name of the person who drew up the drawing.The ‘Title Block’ is locked within the boarder and contains information such as: This margin is very important because everything inside it forms part of any contract. The border (or margin) is a line which follows the outer edge of the drawing and is usually 10 or 20mm inside it. One of the most important features of any drawing is the border and title block. Notes should be grouped together and not spread over the drawing.In other worlds it should not be necessary to turn a drawing on its side to read the information. Notes and captions should be placed so that they can be read in the same direction as in the title block. They should be correctly spaced and positioned.Title blocks and relative information are usually larger. They should be of a suitable size and not less than 3mm tall.They should be legible and clear – especially numbers, as they often have to be read on their own.Give metric dimensions to the least number of significant figures, for example ĭimensions less than 1 are expressed with a zero preceding the decimal point Īll drawings require some form of lettering and numbers. Keep related dimensions on the same view.The conventions relating to dimensions are as follows:
This ensures that every drawing produced within Ireland and the UK relating to a building project will follow the same standard principles. In the construction industry all drawings are carried out to a British Standard referred to as BS 1192.
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